Cervical Cancer
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Cervical cancer is a serious but largely preventable disease that affects the lower part of the uterus, known as the cervix. Thanks to advances in cervical cancer screening, vaccination and early detection, the risk of developing this disease has significantly decreased.
What causes cervical cancer?
The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV)—especially HPV 16, one of the most aggressive strains. HPV is a common virus transmitted through intimate skin-to-skin contact.
What is HPV and why get vaccinated
Signs of cervical cancer
Initially cervical cancer might not cause symptoms but as it progresses you may notice:
- Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause.
- Heavy and longer than usual menstrual bleeding.
- Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor.
- Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.
Talk to your doctor if you notice any signs of cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer screening
Routine cervical screening is essential for early detection. There are two main types of tests:
- Pap smear (Pap test): Detects abnormal cells on the cervix that may develop into cancer.
- HPV screening: Identifies the presence of high-risk HPV strains that can lead to cervical cancer.
If you receive an abnormal Pap smear, it doesn’t necessarily mean you have cancer. It may indicate cervical dysplasia—precancerous changes that can often be treated before it progresses.
Other cervical conditions
- Cervical dysplasia: Abnormal cell growth on the cervix, often caused by HPV which can lead to cancer.
- Cervical polyps: Small, benign growths on the cervix that may cause irregular bleeding but are usually not cancerous.
When to see a doctor
If you experience symptoms like unusual bleeding, pelvic pain, or receive an abnormal Pap smear, consult your health care provider. Early intervention can prevent cancer progression.
